History
Pre-Islamic
Iranian Balochistan has had some of the earliest human civilizations in history. The Burnt city, near Dozaap (Zahidan), dates back to 2000 BC. All of what is today known as Baluchistan was incorporated in the Achaemenid, Seleucid, Parthian, and Sassanid empires.
Islamic
The Arabs invaded Balochistan in the 7th century, which resulted in far-reaching social, religious, economic and political implications in the surrounding areas. Around the same time, the Balouchi people converted to Islam. Arab rule in Baluchistan helped the Baloch people to develop their own semi-independent tribal systems, which faced frequent threats by stronger forces. In the 15th century,Mir Chakar Khan Rind established the Kingdom of Baluchistan. It stretched from Kerman in the west to Sindh on the east ad from north southern Khorasan, and from Afghanistan and the Punjab toKarachi Civil war soon developed, which lasted for over thirty years in which resulted death of thousands of people. In the 17th century, Baluchistan was dominated by Hamedzai Khan, who was from Afghanistan.
Baluchis and Persian empires have a long dispute between their ethnic, culture, political and religious components. The Persian army defeated Baluchi forces and captured Bampur in 1849. British andPersian empires divided Baluchistan into many parts. In the 19th century, in western Baluchistan, many revolts took place against Persian occupation. At the end of 19th century, when Sardar Hussein Narui Baloch started an uprising against Persia which was crushed by joint Anglo-Persian mission forces. The struggle between Persian empire and the British in eastern Baluchistan, gave westernBaluchis a chance to gain control of their territory in Western Baluchistan. At the beginning of the 20th century, Bahram Khan succeeded in gaining control of Baluch- lands. In 1916, the British empirerecognized him king of Baluchistan. Mir Dost Muhammad Khan Baluch, Bahram Khan's nephew, succeeded to the throne, and in 1920, he proclaimed himself Shah-e-Baluchistan (Persian for King of Baluchistan) but in 1928, Reza Shah came into power and Persian forces started operations against Baluchi forces with the help of British. The Baluch were defeated and Mir Dost Muhammad Khan Baluch captured. In the same year, Mir Dost Muhammad Khan Baluch was executed in a Tehran prison. Baluchis were not happy with British and raised their voices against the occupation of Western Baluchistan by Persia at Baluch Conference of Jacobabad.
The Iranian Baluchi were supported from the 1950s to 1980s by Arab nationalist leaders, especially Baathist regimes of Iraq and Syria and Egyptian leader Gamal Abdel Nasser. In the 1950s, Iraqsupported Dad Shah. In the 1960s, Baluchi revolted against Iran, Iraq fully supported Baluchis but as a result of Baluchi tribal leaders negotiating with Shah of Iran, the Iraqi support for Baluchi shrank until in 1975, when Algerias settled dispute between Iraq. and Iran and Iraq stopped supporting Baluchis but Iraq ties with Baloch people did not end completely. In 1979, Iranian Revolution started theIraq-Iran War, which ran from 1980 to 1988. Baghdad created a major problem for Iran by supporting Iranian Baluchi in its attack on Iranian Forces on the eastern side of the border by Baluchiseparatist group Baluchi Autonomist Movement. During the war, intelligence established an office in Dubai run by Baluchis, to send spies into Iran.
See also
- Sistan and Baluchestan Province
- Baloch
- Iraq support to Baloch
- Dad Shah
- Baluchistan Liberation Front
- Jundallah
- Balochistan Liberation Army
- Baluch People's Liberation Front
- Baluchi Liberation Front
References
- Study of Revenge: The First World Trade Center Attack and Saddam Hussein's War Against America By Laurie Mylroie
Summary, ISBN 0844741698.
- Political Terrorism: A New Guide to Actors, Authors, Concepts, Data Bases, Theories, & Literature By Albert J. Jongman, Alex Peter Schmid, ISBN 1412804698
- In Afghanistan's Shadow: Baluch Nationalism and Soviet Temptation by Selig Harrison
- Inside Baluchistan, a Political Authorbiography by Mir Ahmad Khan Baluch
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